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Symptoms of Vertigo and What Is the Therapy?

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26.04.2022

Vertigo is a sensation that you or the environment around you is spinning even when you are not moving. It is a subtype of dizziness. Dizziness occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen. It can occur in people of all ages, but especially in the chronically ill and the elderly.

The feeling of dizziness usually appears and disappears quickly, for example when standing up too fast or experiencing anxiety. However, it can last longer in case of multiple sclerosis or a tumor.

Although very rarely signaling life-threatening conditions, frequent dizzy spells can significantly impair one’s quality of life.

What are the typical symptoms of vertigo?

The main symptom of vertigo is dizziness, often exacerbated by head movements. The signs that alos characterize the condition are:

  • loss of balance;
  • swaying when moving;
  • paleness; 
  • nausea and / or vomiting;
  • fainting;
  • anxiety;
  • sweating, and more.

There is cause for concern when dizziness is accompanied by severe headache, limb weakness, chest pain, double vision, hearing or loss of consciousness.

There are various causes of dizziness, including diseases of the nervous, endocrine, respiratory and other systems, pregnancy, trauma, medications, stress, etc. Sometimes, vertigo can be hereditary as in the case of vestibular migraine.

What is the most often cause of vertigo?

Vertigo itself is not a disease; rather, it is a sign of either mild damage or a sign of a serious condition. Whatever its origin, there is a risk of falls and injuries. It can be extremely dangerous for the patient and others when working with machines or driving.

More common causes of vertigo include:

Dehydration

Many people do not get the adequate amount of liquids their bodies need. Dehydration can occur if you do not drink enough water while exercising or during an illness accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration is especially severe in young children and the elderly, as well as in patients suffering from diabetes.

With severe dehydration, blood pressure levels can significantly drop, and when the brain does not receive enough oxygen, the patient experiences dizziness.

Postural hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension)

This is a condition in which your blood pressure drops suddenly when you go from lying down to sitting up too quickly. Once you lie down, you feel better. Elderly people are more likely to suffer from postural hypotension.

Low blood sugar

When the blood sugar levels of a patient suffering from diabetes are low, dizziness, disorientation, trembling, sweating, and hyperphagia can occur. People with low blood sugar who do not have diabetes are rare.

Ménière’s disease

If more fluid collects in the inner ear, it can lead to sudden dizziness, with episodes lasting from 20 minutes to 2-3 hours.

Stress

Stress alone cannot cause vertigo dizziness, but rather exacerbate it. However, if there is severe stress, it can provoke a stroke, and one of the forthcoming signs is dizziness.

Vestibular neuritis

This is an acute condition of vertigo, often accompanied by loss of balance, nausea, or vomiting. Since we all have two vestibular nerves, if one of them changes, the normal balance of the information supplied to the brain is disturbed and dizziness occurs.

What is the treatment for vertigo?

Depending on the type of vertigo – peripheral or central, as well as the causes, after diagnosis the appropriate methods of treatment are applied. To alleviate the symptoms, practice shows that the following can help:

  • medicines from the group of antihistamines;
  • exercises used in vestibular therapy;
  • home remedies such as sleep aids and essential oils.

With vertigo, you can alleviate your condition by lying down and then getting up slowly; by resting longer and drinking plenty of water, avoiding coffee, cigarettes, and alcohol. It will also help if you do not bend down or get up suddenly.

Although vertigo is often a completely harmless condition such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), sometimes vertigo accompanied by imbalance and additional symptoms may indicate a more serious problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a neurologist or otoneurologist at the first signs of vertigo.

No special prophylaxis has been established in order to avoid vertigo, except avoiding injuries and colds – risk factors for vertigo. Prevention of cerebrovascular disease is also important in order to ensure adequate blood supply and to avoid the risk of a stroke, in which one of the signs is vertigo and imbalance.

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